FIRE 4

During your Main Phase, you can Normal Summon 1 "Battlin' Boxer" monster in addition to your Normal Summon/Set. (You can only gain this effect once per turn.) When an opponent's monster declares an attack, while you control a Warrior or FIRE monster: You can Special Summon this card from your hand, and if you do, negate that attack, then banish 1 monster on the field until the End Phase. You can only use this effect of "Battlin' Boxer Chief Second" once per turn.

FIRE 4

When you take battle damage: You can Special Summon this card from your hand, and if you do, gain Life Points equal to the damage you took.

FIRE 9

You can banish 1 Equip Spell from your field or GY; Special Summon this card from your hand. At the start of the Damage Step, if this card attacks: You can equip 1 face-up monster on the field to this card (max. 1) as an Equip Spell that gives this card 500 ATK. When a monster effect is activated (Quick Effect): You can send 1 face-up Equip Card you control to the GY; negate the activation, and if you do, destroy it. You can only use each effect of "Immortal Phoenix Gearfried" once per turn.

FIRE 9

You can banish 1 Equip Spell from your field or GY; Special Summon this card from your hand. At the start of the Damage Step, if this card attacks: You can equip 1 face-up monster on the field to this card (max. 1) as an Equip Spell that gives this card 500 ATK. When a monster effect is activated (Quick Effect): You can send 1 face-up Equip Card you control to the GY; negate the activation, and if you do, destroy it. You can only use each effect of "Immortal Phoenix Gearfried" once per turn.

FIRE 9

You can banish 1 Equip Spell from your field or GY; Special Summon this card from your hand. At the start of the Damage Step, if this card attacks: You can equip 1 face-up monster on the field to this card (max. 1) as an Equip Spell that gives this card 500 ATK. When a monster effect is activated (Quick Effect): You can send 1 face-up Equip Card you control to the GY; negate the activation, and if you do, destroy it. You can only use each effect of "Immortal Phoenix Gearfried" once per turn.

FIRE 1

If you control a FIRE Warrior monster, you can Special Summon this card (from your hand). If Summoned this way, treat this card as a Tuner. You can only Special Summon "Infernoble Knight - Renaud" once per turn this way. If this card is Special Summoned: You can target 1 of your FIRE Warrior monsters, or 1 of your Equip Spells, that is banished or in your GY, except "Infernoble Knight - Renaud"; add it to your hand. You can only use this effect of "Infernoble Knight - Renaud" once per turn.

FIRE 1

If you control a FIRE Warrior monster, you can Special Summon this card (from your hand). If Summoned this way, treat this card as a Tuner. You can only Special Summon "Infernoble Knight - Renaud" once per turn this way. If this card is Special Summoned: You can target 1 of your FIRE Warrior monsters, or 1 of your Equip Spells, that is banished or in your GY, except "Infernoble Knight - Renaud"; add it to your hand. You can only use this effect of "Infernoble Knight - Renaud" once per turn.

FIRE 1

(Quick Effect): You can target 1 face-up monster you control; equip this card from your hand to that target as an Equip Spell that gives that card 500 ATK. During the End Phase, if this card is in the GY because it was sent there this turn: You can add 1 FIRE Warrior monster, except "Infernoble Knight - Roland", or 1 Equip Spell from your Deck to your hand. You can only use each effect of "Infernoble Knight - Roland" once per turn.

FIRE 1

You can banish 1 FIRE Warrior monster from your hand or GY; Special Summon this card from your hand, then you can make this card's Level become the Level of that banished monster. You can banish this card from your GY; Special Summon this banished card during your second Standby Phase after this effect's activation, then you can Special Summon 1 of your FIRE Warrior monsters that is banished or in your GY. You can only use each effect of "Infernoble Knight Astolfo" once per Duel.

FIRE 4

While this card is an Equip Card, the equipped monster cannot be destroyed by card effects. You can only use each of the following effects of "Infernoble Knight Ogier" once per turn. If this card is Normal or Special Summoned: You can send 1 "Noble Arms" card, or 1 FIRE Warrior monster except "Infernoble Knight Ogier", from your Deck to the GY. If this card is in your GY: You can target 1 Warrior monster you control; equip this card to that monster you control.

FIRE 4

While this card is an Equip Card, the equipped monster cannot be destroyed by card effects. You can only use each of the following effects of "Infernoble Knight Ogier" once per turn. If this card is Normal or Special Summoned: You can send 1 "Noble Arms" card, or 1 FIRE Warrior monster except "Infernoble Knight Ogier", from your Deck to the GY. If this card is in your GY: You can target 1 Warrior monster you control; equip this card to that monster you control.

FIRE 4

While this card is an Equip Card, the equipped monster cannot be destroyed by card effects. You can only use each of the following effects of "Infernoble Knight Ogier" once per turn. If this card is Normal or Special Summoned: You can send 1 "Noble Arms" card, or 1 FIRE Warrior monster except "Infernoble Knight Ogier", from your Deck to the GY. If this card is in your GY: You can target 1 Warrior monster you control; equip this card to that monster you control.

LIGHT 4

If this card is Normal or Special Summoned: You can banish 1 LIGHT monster from your GY; draw 1 card. You can banish this card from your hand or field; add 1 Level 6 or lower WIND Beast monster from your Deck to your hand. You can only use 1 "Noble Knight's Shield-Bearer" effect per turn, and only once that turn.

DARK 8

You can target 1 monster you control and 1 card on the field; Special Summon this card from your hand, and if you do, destroy them. If this card is sent from the field to your GY: You can target 1 other monster in your GY; shuffle it into the Deck, then add 1 Level 1 Plant monster from your Deck or GY to your hand. You can only use each effect of "Sauge de Fleur" once per turn.

DARK 8

You can target 1 monster you control and 1 card on the field; Special Summon this card from your hand, and if you do, destroy them. If this card is sent from the field to your GY: You can target 1 other monster in your GY; shuffle it into the Deck, then add 1 Level 1 Plant monster from your Deck or GY to your hand. You can only use each effect of "Sauge de Fleur" once per turn.

DARK 8

You can target 1 monster you control and 1 card on the field; Special Summon this card from your hand, and if you do, destroy them. If this card is sent from the field to your GY: You can target 1 other monster in your GY; shuffle it into the Deck, then add 1 Level 1 Plant monster from your Deck or GY to your hand. You can only use each effect of "Sauge de Fleur" once per turn.

DARK 8

When this card is Normal or Special Summoned, select 1 monster in your opponent's Graveyard. Special Summon that monster to your side of the field. It cannot attack your opponent directly, and is destroyed during the End Phase of this turn. The effect of "Sorciere de Fleur" can only be activated once per turn.

DARK 8

When this card is Normal or Special Summoned, select 1 monster in your opponent's Graveyard. Special Summon that monster to your side of the field. It cannot attack your opponent directly, and is destroyed during the End Phase of this turn. The effect of "Sorciere de Fleur" can only be activated once per turn.

DARK 8

When this card is Normal or Special Summoned, select 1 monster in your opponent's Graveyard. Special Summon that monster to your side of the field. It cannot attack your opponent directly, and is destroyed during the End Phase of this turn. The effect of "Sorciere de Fleur" can only be activated once per turn.

WIND 6

If you control a Level 2 or lower monster, you can Special Summon this card (from your hand) in Defense Position. You can only Special Summon "White Steed of the Floral Knights" once per turn this way. When an opponent's monster declares an attack: You can banish this card from your GY, then target 1 card you control; negate the attack, and if you do, destroy that targeted card. You can only use this effect of "White Steed of the Floral Knights" once per turn.

EARTH 1

If this card is in your GY: You can send the top card of your Deck to the GY, and if you do, Special Summon this card. You can only use this effect of "Glow-Up Bulb" once per Duel.

DARK 2

This card's name becomes "Fleur Synchron" while on the field or in the GY. You can only use each of the following effects of "Necro Synchron" once per turn. You can target 1 other face-up monster you control; increase its Level by 2 until the end of this turn. If this card is sent to the GY as Synchro Material for a WIND monster: You can Special Summon 1 Level 1 Plant monster from your Deck.

DARK 2

This card's name becomes "Fleur Synchron" while on the field or in the GY. You can only use each of the following effects of "Necro Synchron" once per turn. You can target 1 other face-up monster you control; increase its Level by 2 until the end of this turn. If this card is sent to the GY as Synchro Material for a WIND monster: You can Special Summon 1 Level 1 Plant monster from your Deck.

Spell Equip

While this card is equipped to a monster: You can add 1 Level 5 or lower FIRE Warrior monster from your Deck to your hand, then destroy this card. If this card is sent to the GY because the equipped monster is sent to the GY: You can target 1 Level 5 or lower FIRE Warrior monster in your GY; Special Summon it, also you cannot Special Summon monsters for the rest of the turn, except Warrior monsters. You can only use 1 ""Infernoble Arms - Durendal"" effect per turn, and only once that turn.

Spell Equip

While this card is equipped to a monster: You can target 1 face-up monster you control; this turn, you cannot declare attacks, except with that monster, also it gains the ability this turn to make a second attack during each Battle Phase, then destroy this card. If this card is sent to the GY because the equipped monster is sent to the GY: You can target 1 face-up monster on the field; destroy it. You can only use 1 ""Infernoble Arms - Hauteclere"" effect per turn, and only once that turn.

Spell Equip

While this card is equipped to a monster: You can target 1 FIRE Warrior monster in your GY; add it to your hand, then destroy this card. If this card is sent to the GY because the equipped monster is sent to the GY: You can Special Summon 1 FIRE Warrior monster from your hand. You can only use 1 ""Infernoble Arms - Joyeuse"" effect per turn, and only once that turn.

Spell Normal

Add 1 "Noble Knight" monster or 1 "Noble Arms" card from your Deck or GY to your hand. If your "Noble Knight" monster equipped with a "Noble Arms" Equip Spell is destroyed by battle and sent to the GY, while this card is in your GY: You can add this card to your hand. You can only use 1 "Heritage of the Chalice" effect per turn, and only once that turn.

Spell Normal

Add 1 "Noble Knight" monster or 1 "Noble Arms" card from your Deck or GY to your hand. If your "Noble Knight" monster equipped with a "Noble Arms" Equip Spell is destroyed by battle and sent to the GY, while this card is in your GY: You can add this card to your hand. You can only use 1 "Heritage of the Chalice" effect per turn, and only once that turn.

Spell Normal

Add 1 "Noble Knight" monster or 1 "Noble Arms" card from your Deck or GY to your hand. If your "Noble Knight" monster equipped with a "Noble Arms" Equip Spell is destroyed by battle and sent to the GY, while this card is in your GY: You can add this card to your hand. You can only use 1 "Heritage of the Chalice" effect per turn, and only once that turn.

Spell Equip

Equip only to an EARTH Synchro Monster. If the equipped monster battles an opponent's monster, the opponent's monster loses 1500 ATK during that damage calculation only. Once per turn, if a monster's battle position is changed (except during the Damage Step): You can target 1 card on the field; destroy it. If this card is sent from the Spell & Trap Zone to the GY: You can Tribute 1 "Power Tool" Synchro Monster; Special Summon 1 "Life Stream Dragon" from your Extra Deck. (This is treated as a Synchro Summon.)

FIRE

2 monsters with different names If this card is Link Summoned: You can discard 1 card, then target 1 Spell/Trap your opponent controls; destroy it, then, if this card was co-linked when this effect was activated, you can draw 1 card. You can only use this effect of "Knightmare Phoenix" once per turn. Co-linked monsters you control cannot be destroyed by battle.

WIND 8

"Fleur Synchron" + 1 or more non-Tuner monsters Once during each of your turns, when your opponent activates a Spell/Trap Card, you can negate the activation and destroy that card.

WIND 7

1 Tuner + 1+ non-Tuner monsters Once per turn, when another Level 5 or higher monster activates its effect on the field (Quick Effect): You can negate the activation, and if you do, destroy it. Once per turn, when a monster effect is activated that targets 1 Level 5 or higher monster on the field (and no other cards) (Quick Effect): You can negate the activation, and if you do, destroy it. If this card's effect destroys a monster, this card gains ATK equal to the destroyed monster's original ATK until the end of this turn.

FIRE 9

1 Tuner + 1+ non-Tuner monsters If an Equip Card becomes equipped to a monster on the field, even during the Damage Step: You can destroy 1 card on the field. During the End Phase: You can equip 1 Equip Spell from your hand or GY to this card, then you can equip 1 FIRE Warrior monster from your Deck to this card as an Equip Spell that gives it 500 ATK. You can only use each effect of "Infernoble Knight Emperor Charles" once per turn.

WIND 9

1 Tuner + 2 or more non-Tuner monsters If this card is Synchro Summoned: Target up to 3 cards your opponent controls; return those targets to the hand.

EARTH 9

1 Tuner + 1+ non-Tuner monsters If this card is Special Summoned: You can equip up to 3 Equip Spells with different names from your Deck and/or GY to this card. During the Main Phase (Quick Effect): You can send 1 of your Equip Spells equipped to this card to the GY, then target 1 Effect Monster on the field; either change its battle position, or until the end of this turn, negate its effects. You can only use each effect of "Power Tool Braver Dragon" once per turn.

FIRE 5

1 Tuner + 1+ non-Tuner monsters If this card is Synchro Summoned: You can activate this effect; during the End Phase of this turn, send 1 Equip Spell from your Deck to the GY, then add 1 Warrior monster from your Deck to your hand. During the Main Phase, if this card is in your GY (Quick Effect): You can target 1 Warrior monster you control; equip this card to that monster you control as an Equip Spell that gives it 500 ATK. You can only use each effect of "Infernoble Knight Captain Roland" once per turn.

DARK

2 Level 8 monsters You can only Special Summon "Dingirsu, the Orcust of the Evening Star(s)" once per turn. You can also Xyz Summon this card by using an "Orcust" Link Monster you control as material. If a card(s) you control would be destroyed by battle or card effect, you can detach 1 material from this card instead. If this card is Special Summoned: You can activate 1 of these effects; ● Send 1 card your opponent controls to the GY. ● Attach 1 of your banished Machine monsters to this card as material.

WIND

2+ Level 1 monsters Gains 500 ATK for each material attached to it. If your opponent Special Summons a monster(s) (except during the Damage Step): You can detach 1 material from this card, then target 1 of those Special Summoned monsters; return it to the hand. If this card in your possession is sent to your GY by an opponent's card: You can target 1 other "Lyrilusc" monster in your GY; add it to your hand.

FIRE 7

If you control 2 or more face-up "Six Samurai" monsters, you can Special Summon this card (from your hand). Your opponent can only activate 1 Spell/Trap Card each turn. If this card would be destroyed, you can destroy a face-up "Six Samurai" monster you control instead.

FIRE 9

You can banish 1 Equip Spell from your field or GY; Special Summon this card from your hand. At the start of the Damage Step, if this card attacks: You can equip 1 face-up monster on the field to this card (max. 1) as an Equip Spell that gives this card 500 ATK. When a monster effect is activated (Quick Effect): You can send 1 face-up Equip Card you control to the GY; negate the activation, and if you do, destroy it. You can only use each effect of "Immortal Phoenix Gearfried" once per turn.

FIRE 9

You can banish 1 Equip Spell from your field or GY; Special Summon this card from your hand. At the start of the Damage Step, if this card attacks: You can equip 1 face-up monster on the field to this card (max. 1) as an Equip Spell that gives this card 500 ATK. When a monster effect is activated (Quick Effect): You can send 1 face-up Equip Card you control to the GY; negate the activation, and if you do, destroy it. You can only use each effect of "Immortal Phoenix Gearfried" once per turn.

FIRE 9

You can banish 1 Equip Spell from your field or GY; Special Summon this card from your hand. At the start of the Damage Step, if this card attacks: You can equip 1 face-up monster on the field to this card (max. 1) as an Equip Spell that gives this card 500 ATK. When a monster effect is activated (Quick Effect): You can send 1 face-up Equip Card you control to the GY; negate the activation, and if you do, destroy it. You can only use each effect of "Immortal Phoenix Gearfried" once per turn.

FIRE 1

If you control a FIRE Warrior monster, you can Special Summon this card (from your hand). If Summoned this way, treat this card as a Tuner. You can only Special Summon "Infernoble Knight - Renaud" once per turn this way. If this card is Special Summoned: You can target 1 of your FIRE Warrior monsters, or 1 of your Equip Spells, that is banished or in your GY, except "Infernoble Knight - Renaud"; add it to your hand. You can only use this effect of "Infernoble Knight - Renaud" once per turn.

DARK 3

During your opponent's turn: You can banish this card from your Graveyard; negate the next attack this turn from a monster your opponent controls (this is a Quick Effect).

DARK 3

During your opponent's turn: You can banish this card from your Graveyard; negate the next attack this turn from a monster your opponent controls (this is a Quick Effect).

FIRE 4

This card is treated as a Normal Monster while face-up on the field or in the Graveyard. While this card is a Normal Monster on the field, you can Normal Summon it to have it become an Effect Monster with this effect. ● You can Tribute this card, then target 1 Gemini monster in your Graveyard, except "Blazewing Butterfly"; Special Summon that target, and if you do, it becomes an Effect Monster, and gains its effect.

FIRE 4

This card is treated as a Normal Monster while face-up on the field or in the Graveyard. While this card is face-up on the field, you can Normal Summon it to have it become an Effect Monster with this effect. ● You can send 1 face-up Equip Card you control to the Graveyard, then target 1 card your opponent controls; destroy that target.

FIRE 4

This card is treated as a Normal Monster while face-up on the field or in the Graveyard. While this card is face-up on the field, you can Normal Summon it to have it become an Effect Monster with this effect. ● You can send 1 face-up Equip Card you control to the Graveyard, then target 1 card your opponent controls; destroy that target.

FIRE 4

This card is treated as a Normal Monster while face-up on the field or in the GY. While this card is a Normal Monster on the field, you can Normal Summon it to have it become an Effect Monster with this effect. ● If this card is Normal or Special Summoned: You can target 1 FIRE Warrior monster or 1 Gemini monster in your GY, except "Evocator Eveque"; Special Summon it. You can only use this effect of "Evocator Eveque" once per turn.

FIRE 4

This card is treated as a Normal Monster while face-up on the field or in the GY. While this card is a Normal Monster on the field, you can Normal Summon it to have it become an Effect Monster with this effect. ● If this card is Normal or Special Summoned: You can target 1 FIRE Warrior monster or 1 Gemini monster in your GY, except "Evocator Eveque"; Special Summon it. You can only use this effect of "Evocator Eveque" once per turn.

FIRE 4

This card is treated as a Normal Monster while face-up on the field or in the GY. While this card is a Normal Monster on the field, you can Normal Summon it to have it become an Effect Monster with this effect. ● If this card is Normal or Special Summoned: You can target 1 FIRE Warrior monster or 1 Gemini monster in your GY, except "Evocator Eveque"; Special Summon it. You can only use this effect of "Evocator Eveque" once per turn.

EARTH 4

This card is treated as a Normal Monster while face-up on the field or in the GY. While this card is a Normal Monster on the field, you can Normal Summon it to have it become an Effect Monster with these effects. ● If this card is Normal or Special Summoned: You can add 1 Spell/Trap from your Deck to your hand that has "Gemini monster" in its text. You can only use this effect of "Geminize Lord Golknight" once per turn. ● This card becomes a Machine monster, also it gains 500 ATK.

Spell Equip

While this card is equipped to a monster: You can add 1 Level 5 or lower FIRE Warrior monster from your Deck to your hand, then destroy this card. If this card is sent to the GY because the equipped monster is sent to the GY: You can target 1 Level 5 or lower FIRE Warrior monster in your GY; Special Summon it, also you cannot Special Summon monsters for the rest of the turn, except Warrior monsters. You can only use 1 ""Infernoble Arms - Durendal"" effect per turn, and only once that turn.

Spell Quick

Tribute 1 face-up Level 4 Gemini monster, then target 1 card on the field; destroy it, and if you do, draw 1 card.

Spell Normal

Add 1 "Noble Knight" monster or 1 "Noble Arms" card from your Deck or GY to your hand. If your "Noble Knight" monster equipped with a "Noble Arms" Equip Spell is destroyed by battle and sent to the GY, while this card is in your GY: You can add this card to your hand. You can only use 1 "Heritage of the Chalice" effect per turn, and only once that turn.

Spell Normal

Add 1 Level 4 or lower Warrior monster from your Deck to your hand.

Spell Equip

Equip only to a Gemini monster. It becomes an Effect Monster, and gains its effects. If this face-up card is sent from the field to the GY: Target 1 Normal Monster in your GY; Special Summon it.

Trap Continuous

During the Main Phase: You can discard 1 card, then activate 1 of these effects; ● Special Summon 1 Gemini monster from your Deck as an Effect Monster that gains its effects. ● Tribute 1 Gemini monster, and if you do, Special Summon 1 FIRE Warrior monster from your hand or Deck. Then, if you Tributed a Gemini monster that was treated as an Effect Monster and had gained its effects, you can also destroy 1 card on the field. You can only use this effect of "Gemini Ablation" once per turn.

Trap Continuous

During the Main Phase: You can discard 1 card, then activate 1 of these effects; ● Special Summon 1 Gemini monster from your Deck as an Effect Monster that gains its effects. ● Tribute 1 Gemini monster, and if you do, Special Summon 1 FIRE Warrior monster from your hand or Deck. Then, if you Tributed a Gemini monster that was treated as an Effect Monster and had gained its effects, you can also destroy 1 card on the field. You can only use this effect of "Gemini Ablation" once per turn.

Trap Counter

Change 1 face-up Gemini monster you control to face-down Defense Position and negate the activation of an opponent's Spell Card, and destroy it.

FIRE

2 monsters with different names All Warrior monsters on the field gain 500 ATK. If this Link Summoned card is destroyed by battle, or by an opponent's card effect while in its owner's Monster Zone: You can target 1 non-Link Warrior monster in your GY; Special Summon it, but banish it when it leaves the field. You can only use this effect of "Ferocious Flame Swordsman" once per turn.

FIRE

2 monsters with different names If this card is Link Summoned: You can discard 1 card, then target 1 Spell/Trap your opponent controls; destroy it, then, if this card was co-linked when this effect was activated, you can draw 1 card. You can only use this effect of "Knightmare Phoenix" once per turn. Co-linked monsters you control cannot be destroyed by battle.

DARK

2+ monsters with different names If this card is Link Summoned: You can discard 1 card, then target 1 card on the field; shuffle it into the Deck, then, if this card was co-linked when this effect was activated, you can draw 1 card. You can only use this effect of "Knightmare Unicorn" once per turn. While any co-linked "Knightmare" monsters are on the field, for your normal draw in your Draw Phase, draw 1 card for each different card name among those co-linked "Knightmare" monsters, instead of drawing just 1 card.

FIRE 9

1 Tuner + 1+ non-Tuner monsters If an Equip Card becomes equipped to a monster on the field, even during the Damage Step: You can destroy 1 card on the field. During the End Phase: You can equip 1 Equip Spell from your hand or GY to this card, then you can equip 1 FIRE Warrior monster from your Deck to this card as an Equip Spell that gives it 500 ATK. You can only use each effect of "Infernoble Knight Emperor Charles" once per turn.

FIRE 5

1 Tuner + 1+ non-Tuner monsters If this card is Synchro Summoned: You can activate this effect; during the End Phase of this turn, send 1 Equip Spell from your Deck to the GY, then add 1 Warrior monster from your Deck to your hand. During the Main Phase, if this card is in your GY (Quick Effect): You can target 1 Warrior monster you control; equip this card to that monster you control as an Equip Spell that gives it 500 ATK. You can only use each effect of "Infernoble Knight Captain Roland" once per turn.

WATER

2 Level 4 monsters While this card has a material attached that was originally WATER, all WATER monsters you control gain 500 ATK. Once per turn (Quick Effect): You can detach 1 material from this card; your opponent cannot activate any card effects in their GY this turn.

WATER

3 Level 4 monsters Once per turn, you can also Xyz Summon "Full Armored Utopic Ray Lancer" by discarding 1 Spell/Trap and using 1 Rank 4 or lower Xyz Monster you control. (Transfer its materials to this card.) Monsters your opponent controls lose 500 ATK. At the start of the Battle Phase: You can negate the effects of all Attack Position monsters your opponent currently controls. When this attacking card destroys an opponent's monster by battle: You can detach 1 material from this card; it can make a second attack in a row.

LIGHT

2 Level 4 monsters When a monster declares an attack: You can detach 1 material from this card; negate the attack. If this card is targeted for an attack, while it has no material: Destroy this card.

LIGHT

3 Level 4 LIGHT monsters You can also Xyz Summon this card by using a "Number 39: Utopia" you control as the Xyz Material. (Xyz Materials attached to that monster also become Xyz Materials on this card.) You can detach 1 Xyz Material from this card; it gains 500 ATK and 1 monster your opponent controls loses 1000 ATK, until the End Phase. You must have 1000 Life Points or less to activate and to resolve this effect.